François Gemenne is a professor at HEC Paris, where he is the academic director of the master in sustainability and social innovation. A specialist of environmental geopolitics and migration governance, he is also a FNRS senior research associate at the University of Liège (Belgium), where he heads the Hugo Observatory, a research lab on environmental changes and migration. He is also the co-director of the Observatory on Defence and Climate of the French Ministry of Defence. He was a lead author for the 6th Assessment Report of the IPCC and lectures on climate change and migration policies at different universities, including Sciences Po and Sorbonne University in Paris.